An electric-field enhancement element (100) includes a propagating surface plasmon generating unit (10); a localized surface plasmon generating unit (30) that is formed on an upper portion of a surface of a substrate and includes a plurality of fine metal structure bodies (32); and a metal layer (20) that is formed on an upper portion of the substrate surface and propagates a propagating surface plasmon generated by the propagating surface plasmon generating unit to the localized surface plasmon generating unit in a direction along the substrate surface, in which the fine metal structure body includes a plurality of fine metal structures (34) which are arranged to be separated from each other in a normal direction of the substrate surface.