The present disclosure relates to a vehicle traction apparatus and a radiation imaging check system, comprising two parallel tracks (10), two sets of traction mechanisms and a driving unit, wherein the tracks (10) are disposed on a ground. The two sets of traction mechanisms are respectively disposed on the two tracks (10). The driving unit is adapted for driving the two sets of traction mechanisms to synchronously move along the two tracks (10). Each of the two sets of traction mechanisms includes a body (11), a cantilever (12), a lifting driving mechanism (13) and a wheel supporting assembly, wherein the body (11) is mounted on the track (10); the cantilever (12) is disposed parallel to a direction of the tracks (10), and both ends of the cantilever (12) are respectively connected with the lifting driving mechanism (13) and the wheel supporting assembly.