Provided is a method for producing an anionic polymer in an industrially advantageous manner, whereby at the time of anionically polymerizing monomers using a solvent whose boiling point at atmospheric pressure is higher than the polymerization temperature, temperature control can be achieved by quickly removing the heat of the polymerization reaction using a simple device. The method for producing an anionic polymer includes anionically polymerizing a conjugated diene, an aromatic vinyl compound, or a mixture thereof under a condition where the amount of an inert gas present with respect to 1 kg of a solvent whose boiling point at atmospheric pressure is higher than the polymerization temperature is 20 mmol or less.