Embodiments of the present invention provide an uplink random access method and a related device, so as to resolve at least a problem in the prior art that a success rate of uplink random access when an uplink frequency offset is relatively large is greatly decreased, thereby improving the success rate of uplink random access when the uplink frequency offset is relatively large. The method includes: determining, by UE, K available root sequences for uplink random access according to a preset policy, where a maximum quantity of detection windows of single UE that can be supported by each of the K available root sequences is 2M+1, and maximum detection windows of the single UE that can be supported by each available root sequence do not overlap with each other, where K‰¥1, M is a detection window parameter, M>1, and both K and M are integers; and performing, by the UE, uplink random access according to the k th available root sequence of the K available root sequences, where 1‰¤k‰¤K and k is an integer. The present invention is applicable to the field of wireless communications.