A counterfeit prevention structure (10) includes a fine-relief-formation layer (11) which is provided with a first area (13) having an optical element that includes a relief structure whose depth-to-width ratio that is a ratio of a depth relative to a width is not less than a first value, and a second area (14) having an optical element that includes a relief structure whose depth-to-width ratio is less than the first value. The counterfeit prevention structure (10) further includes a reflective layer (12) that is arranged on the relief structure included in the area having the lower light transmittance among the first and second areas (13;14).