The present invention relates to an electric driven chucking system comprising an automatic clutch system which enables the power of a motor driving a spindle to be selectively transmitted to a drawbar for driving a chuck and a spindle by means of a clutch mechanism in a lathe for machining a workpiece. An electric driven chucking system, according to an aspect of the present invention, comprises: a housing fixedly installed on a main body of a machine tool; a spindle in the form of a hollow tube provided inside the housing so as to be rotatable with respect to the housing; a driving member disposed outside the rear portion of the spindle so as to be rotatable relative to the spindle; a motor for rotating the driving member; a female screw cover having one side fixed to the driving member and a female screw thread formed in the central portion thereof; a drawbar which is formed inside the spindle so as to permit linear movement thereof in an axial direction with respect to the spindle but preclude relative rotational movement thereof and is provided with a male screw thread formed on the outer circumferential surface thereof; a clutch member which is installed on an outer surface of the spindle so as to be linearly movable in an axial direction with respect to the spindle and which is coupled to the driving member or the housing along the moving direction or selectively couples the spindle to either the driving member or the housing; and a clutch drive unit reciprocating the clutch member in the axial direction of the spindle.