The present disclosure relates to a communication technique for converging an IoT technology with a 5G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate beyond a 4G system, and a system therefor. The present disclosure may be applied to an intelligent service (for example, a smart home, a smart building, a smart city, a smart car or connected car, healthcare, digital education, retail business, a security and safety related service, or the like) on the basis of a 5G communication technology and an IoT related technology. The present invention provides a method for performing random access by a terminal in a wireless communication system supporting beamforming, the method comprising the steps of: receiving, from a base station, uplink resource information for transmitting a preamble and random access response (RAR) information corresponding to the resource information; determining, on the basis of the uplink resource information, a resource for transmitting at least one preamble through beam sweeping; and transmitting the at least one preamble to the base station through the beam sweeping.