Embodiments of this application provide a random access preamble transmission method, an apparatus, and a storage medium. The method includes: A terminal device determines, based on a target sub-coverage area to which the terminal device belongs in a preset coverage area of a network device, target random access preamble format information corresponding to the target sub-coverage area. Then, the terminal device sends, to the network device on a target time-frequency resource indicated by target random access preamble time-frequency resource information corresponding to the target random access preamble format information, a random access preamble corresponding to the target random access preamble format information. It may be learned that, in embodiments of this application, any terminal device may send a random access preamble based on a target sub-coverage area to which the terminal device belongs in the preset coverage area of the network device and by using random access preamble format information corresponding to the target sub-coverage area, so that time-frequency resources used to transmit the random access preamble can be saved.