An error correction method and apparatus are provided. A register controller may detect an error existing in a memory, and after detecting a UCE, may obtain a memory address in which the UCE occurs. The register controller reads raw data from a location indicated by the memory address, stores preset first data in the location indicated by the memory address, and reads second data from the location after storing the first data in the location; compares the first data with the second data to determine a first failure location in the location; and determines raw data stored in the first failure location from the raw data in the location, and performs error correction on the raw data stored in the first failure location. The register controller can accurately position the failure location in which the UCE occurs by performing data write and read operations, to perform error correction on raw data stored in the failure location. Such a manner of positioning a failure location is more efficient, and further reduces occurrences of UCEs and improves stability of the memory.