Provided are a method and system for automatic driving data collection and closed-loop management. The method includes: obtaining vehicle driving data (S 102); preprocessing the vehicle driving data (S 104); obtaining incremental data by filtering, through a pre-trained neural network based on a predetermined filtering rule, the preprocessed vehicle driving data (S 106); and storing the incremental data or transmitting the incremental data to a cloud (S 108). The method can effectively filter high-value incremental data, thereby reducing requirements for data storage volume and/or data transmission bandwidth of the system. The system of the present disclosure can be post-mounted or pre-mounted on a vehicle, and is independent of specific vehicle type of the vehicle. In addition, it is not necessary for the vehicle to be equipped with real-value systems such as high-cost laser radars, which greatly improves use convenience of the system and facilitates rapid and large-scale application.