Embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for obstacle avoidance of a surgical robot. The method may include: collecting first data through a first acquisition device, wherein the first data is image data of a space in which a target subject is located; constructing a safety zone for the target subject based on the first data; collecting second data outside the safety zone through a second acquisition device, wherein the second data is image data of the target subject; and constructing a three-dimensional model of the target subject based on the second data, wherein the three-dimensional model of the target subject may be used for obstacle avoidance detection during an operation of the surgical robot.