A remote polarization measurement device of the sample (S) related (100). A light source of the incident light wave the device first wavelength (lambda _E) (10), single-mode optical fiber for incident light wave propagates (30), the polarization state generator to the proximal side of the optical fiber (PSG) and a polarization state analyzer and (PSA), the distal side reflector and (40). PSA relates each probe state of the incident wave PSG is generated, the incident wave is propagated through the optical fiber (30) medium, and reflected at the distal end of the optical fiber, propagated through the optical fiber (30) was in the opposite direction it is possible to analyze the polarization state of the light wave obtained after. Processing means (70) from a first polarization measurement of the optical fiber, determined Mueller matrix for optical fiber (M _F), a second polarization measurement of the aggregate including an optical fiber and the sample, Muller relates aggregate matrix _{(M T)} can be determined. Mueller matrix for the sample (M _O) is a Mueller matrix for optical fiber, is determined from the matrix for assembly.
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