Nanocomposite films comprising conductive nanofiller dispersed throughout a polymer matrix and further comprising at least two surfaces with differing amounts of filler and differing electrical resistivity values are provided. In particular, nanocomposites comprising polyvinyl alcohol as the polymer matrix and nanosheets and/or nanoplatelets of graphene as the conductive filler are provided. In addition, a process for forming the nanocomposites, methods for characterizing the nanocomposites as well as applications in or on electrical and/or electronic devices are provided.