A forcing and fixing structure for the filter cylinders of a filter cylinder dust collector includes a housing provided therein with a division plate. Plural twinned setting racks are disposed under the division plate, and plural twinned forcing rods are respectively set on the setting racks, and the forcing rods are respectively and vertically connected with a rotary handle. Further, plural assembling-and-disassembling plates are respectively mounted on each pair of the forcing rods for plurality filter cylinders to be fitted thereon. When the rotary handles are turned to actuate the forcing rods to rotate and drive the assembling-and-disassembling plate to move upward, the filter cylinders can be forced to tight fit with the division plate, thus facilitating assembly and disassembly of filter cylinders, attaining good airtight effect and elevating efficacy of air purification and quality of use of the filter cylinder type dust collector.