A method, device, and system for controlling network device auto-provisioning is provided. The method includes: acquiring network topology information that is in a live network and of a network device, where the network topology information includes an interface and an IP address of an uplink device directly connected to the network device. The method also includes detecting whether the network topology information in the live network matches preset network topology information; and if the network topology information in the live network matches the preset network topology information, sending, by a network management device to the network device, information about enabling the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) or Trivial FTP (TFTP), and an identifier of an operating system file and/or an identifier of a configuration file, so that the network device acquires the operating system file and/or the configuration file.