The present disclosure relates to a method and a device for controlling power consumption of an electronic device, which belongs to the technical field of smart devices. The method includes determining a type of an operating system of the electronic device, determining a monitoring scheme based on the type of operating system, monitoring in real time whether the operating system currently has a task to perform based on the determined monitoring scheme, and switching the operating system to a reduced power mode from a normal operation mode when the system currently has no task to perform. In the present disclosure, a common power consumption management can be implemented in uniform and brief software architecture. It can facilitate development of a framework, distribution of SDK. Moreover, it can eliminate the need to analyze specific operation characteristics of the devices, independent of the functions of the devices, broadly and flexibly applicable to a variety of devices.