A distance sensing substrate, a display device, a display system, and a resolution adjustment method are disclosed. The above distance sensing substrate includes a particle emitter for emitting a first particle beam to a viewer; a particle receiver for receiving the first particle beam reflected by the viewer; and a processing unit for obtaining an energy density of the emitted first particle beam and an energy density of the received first particle beam. The resolution of the display screen can be adjusted based on the viewing distance from the viewer to the display screen. When the viewing distance of the user is relatively large, the resolution of the display screen will be reduced appropriately, so as to reduce a power consumption of the display screen on the premise of ensuring a viewing effect of the user.