Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for providing effective scheduling of resources of each cell and each carrier to a User Equipment (UE) when there are a plurality of cells and carriers in a carrier aggregation mobile communication system. A communication method of a Base Station (BS) includes: obtaining a mapping relation between a cell and a carrier for each UE; receiving scheduling information for each cell; distributing data of each UE to one of cells corresponding to UEs by using the mapping relation between the carrier and the cell and the scheduling information for each cell; and scheduling the distributed data. When a multi-carrier multi-cell scheduler to which a carrier aggregation technology is applied is implemented, the existing single carrier single cell scheduler can be re-used and the time required for the scheduling can be reduced by processing schedulers in parallel.