A quantum dot electroluminescent device and a display apparatus are provided. The quantum dot electroluminescent device includes: a first electrode, an electron transport layer, a quantum dot luminescent layer, a hole transport layer and a second electrode, wherein the quantum dot luminescent layer is disposed between the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer; the quantum dot luminescent layer includes a base material layer and a quantum dot luminescent material which is dispersed in the base material layer; a highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of the base material layer is between a highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of the hole transport layer and a highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of the quantum dot luminescent material.