Provided are a mobile-based personal content protection apparatus and method, in which a user sets a mobile terminal to prevent another user from photographing and using personal content with a camera included in the mobile terminal. The mobile-based personal content protection apparatus may include a camera view estimator, a peripheral information receiver, a personal content detector, and a personal content masking unit. A view which is to be photographed by a user is estimated in a space where photographing is allowed by using sensor information included in a mobile terminal, information about whether to allow photographing by each mobile device is collected by cooperating all mobile terminals in a camera view, and a disallowed area is masked in photographing, thereby fundamentally protecting personal content.