Disclosed are a method and apparatus for interference alignment based on codebook design and selection. The method includes: a codebook set including codebooks of different sizes of a precoding matrix is pre-designed or pre-stored; a receiver or a transmitter selects a codebook satisfying a specified condition from the codebook set to explicitly or implicitly notify the opposite end; the receiver designs, based on obtained ideal CSI and an interference alignment condition, a precoding matrix V and a receiving matrix U for interference alignment; the receiver selects a matrix V′ having the highest similarity to V from the current codebook to serve as a finally quantized precoding matrix V′; the receiver calculates, based on V′, U again to obtain a receiving matrix U′ according to the interference alignment condition; and the transmitter transmits a signal according to feedback information and V′, and the receiver filters the signal according to U′.