The invention relates to a method for capturing a three-dimensional x-ray image (1) of an object (2) by means of an x-ray system (3) comprising an x-ray source (4), an x-ray detector (5) and a shutter matrix (7), the shutter matrix (7) having a plurality of shutter elements (18), the x-ray absorption properties of which are controllable. In the first method step, at least one region (21) to be captured of the object (2) is defined, wherein settings are planned for the individual shutter elements (18) of the shutter matrix (7) for different rotary positions (14, 15, 16, 17), taking into account the defined area (21) to be captured. Then, a plurality of two-dimensional x-ray images is captured from the planned rotary positions (14, 15, 16, 17) during at least one partial rotation (9) using the planned settings of the shutter elements (18), wherein the overall three-dimensional x-ray image (1) of the area (21) to be captured is generated from the individual two-dimensional x-ray images.