An object is to provide a soundproofing structure which exhibits high soundproofing performance in a broad frequency band, can be miniaturized, can ensure ventilation properties, and has a light transmittance, and a cylindrical structure, a window member, and a partition member including this soundproofing structure. Provided is a soundproofing structure including: a soundproofing cell which includes a frame having a frame hole portion passing therethrough and a film that covers the frame hole portion and is fixed to the frame, in which the film has a plurality of through-holes passing therethrough in a thickness direction, an average opening diameter of the through-holes is in a range of 0.1 μm to 250 μm, and a vertical direction of a film surface is disposed so as to be inclined with respect to a direction of a sound source to be soundproofed.