A method and an apparatus for transmitting/receiving feedback in a mobile communication system are provided. A method of configuring and receiving feedback information of an evolved Node B (eNB) includes transmitting configuration information on a plurality of reference signals including a first reference signal and a second reference signal to a User Equipment (UE); transmitting feedback configuration information including first feedback configuration information on the first reference signal and second feedback configuration information configured such that feedback information on the second reference signal is generated with reference to the first feedback configuration information to the UE; transmitting the reference signal to the UE according to the configuration information on the reference signal; and receiving feedback information including first feedback information according to the first feedback configuration information and second feedback information according to the second feedback configuration information from the UE.