A data processing system (2) includes processing circuitry (18) and decoder circuitry (14) for decoding program instructions and controlling the processor circuitry. The decoder circuitry is responsive to a vector operand bit size dependant instruction executed within a selected exception level state of a hierarchy of exception level states to control the processing circuitry to perform processing with a vector operand bit size governed by a limiting value of the vector operand bit size associated with the currently selected exception level state, any programmable limit value set for an exception level state closer to a top exception level state within the hierarchy and the implemented limit.