The present invention relates to a life jacket based on a fuel cell that can store hydrogen fuel in it. Particularly, the present invention provides a fuel cell based life jacket that can utilize electricity, heat and water generated during the operation of a fuel cell as a power source of a life extension tool and a personal location beacon. The fuel cell based life jacket of the present invention comprises a fuel cell unit for supplying electricity, a hydrogen fuel supply unit for storing and supplying the hydrogen fuel required for the fuel cell unit to generate electricity, a signal output unit for transmitting a signal using the electricity generated by the fuel cell unit, and a heat generating unit for recovering and transferring the heat generated in the fuel cell unit, wherein the hydrogen fuel supply unit generates hydrogen by using a hydrogen generation composition.