The present disclosure relates to a novel polypeptide capable of binding specifically to vascular endothelial growth factor, a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide, a vector comprising the polynucleotide, a recombinant microorganism including the expression vector, a method of producing the polypeptide using the recombinant microorganism, a composition for treating or preventing age-related macular degeneration or cancer, which comprises the polypeptide, and a method for preventing or treating age-related macular degeneration or cancer, which comprises administering the composition for treating or preventing age-related macular degeneration or cancer, which comprises the polypeptide. The disclosed polypeptide is capable of binding to vascular endothelial growth factor to inhibit the activity thereof, and thus can be widely used as an agent for treating and preventing various diseases associated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).