An electronic device according to various embodiments may include a housing including a first surface facing a first direction and a second surface facing a second direction opposite the first direction, a touchscreen display exposed through a portion of the first surface, at least one wireless and/or wired communication circuit disposed inside the housing, at least one processor disposed inside the housing and electrically connected to the display and the communication circuit, and a memory disposed inside the housing and electrically connected to the processor. The communication circuit and/or the at least one processor may be configured to be in one of a plurality of states for exchanging data on a bus based on a plurality of generations of the peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) standard. The plurality of states may include a first state using a first clock rate and a first data encoding rate based on a first one of the plurality of generations, a second state using a second clock rate and a second data encoding rate based on a second one of the plurality of generations, and a first recovery state defined in the first one of the plurality of generations.