Methods, systems, and computer-readable media for rapid 3D dynamic arterial spin labeling with a sparse model-based image reconstruction are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method includes acquiring magnetic resonance data associated with an area of interest of a subject. The magnetic resonance data includes associated with arterial spin labeling (ASL) of the area of interest. The method also includes performing image reconstruction on the acquired resonance data. The image reconstruction includes compressed sensing enforcing a model-based sparsity constraint, where the model-based sparsity constraint is based on an ASL signal prototype dictionary.