A battery cover structure for portable optical communication equipment, comprises a shell and fixing screws, wherein the shell comprises a main body and an upper cover; the battery cover structure comprises an actuating device and a locking device, among which, the actuating device moves to drive the locking device into a locking state or an unlocking state; the actuating device comprises a driving block, a driving stop and a driving shaft, wherein the driving block is limited and connected with the driving stop; the locking device comprises a sliding stop; both the driving stop and the sliding stop are connected with the driving shaft. The battery cover structure in this invention can extend into the optical communication equipment, and support can be directly generated without cooperation of other components, so that the optical communication equipment becomes portable and miniaturized.