Disclosed are a filament positioning system and a filament positioning method. The filament positioning system includes a bottom plate, a first positioning regulating mechanism and a second positioning regulating mechanism, wherein the first positioning regulating mechanism is configured to conduct positioning regulation of a position of a filament seat on the bottom plate, so that filament seats of different models can be fixed to the bottom plate, and the second positioning regulating mechanism is configured to conduct positioning regulation on the filament; and a detection module configured to collect and display position information of a filament tip and the filament seat, wherein the first positioning regulating mechanism and the second positioning regulating mechanism correspondingly regulate positions of the filament seat and the filament tip according to the position information.