A turbocharging system for an internal combustion engine includes a turbocharger having a shaft supported for rotation about an axis. The turbocharger also includes a turbine wheel mounted on the shaft and configured to be rotated about the axis by the exhaust gas, and a compressor assembly mounted on the shaft and configured to pressurize an airflow received from the ambient for delivery to the cylinder. The turbocharging system additionally includes an electric motor configured to generate electric motor torque. The turbocharging system further includes a one-way clutch configured to selectively connect the electric motor to the compressor assembly, such that the electric motor torque assists the turbocharger in generating boost pressure. An internal combustion engine employing such a turbocharging system is also disclosed.