The present invention relates to primer compositions in powder form that comprise a dispersion powder based on an acrylate polymer having a glass transition temperature in the range from −50° C. to +30° C. and cement. The compositions of the invention are notable for good water barrier effect, good dust-binding capacity, and a low tendency toward salt efflorescence. The compositions find use in the priming of masonry, concrete, rendered surfaces, abraded render, plaster surfaces, wall blocks, wood, and ceramic tiles. They can also be used as adhesion promoters with nonabsorbent substrates such as glazed ceramic or glass tiles, metal surfaces, or surfaces of plastic.