This disclosure is directed to various compounds and methods of preparation of improved compounds that are capable of functioning as cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonists with reduced central nervous system (CNS) side effects. The application is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more of these compounds, which may also contain one or more additional therapeutic agents. It is also directed to methods of treatment of various conditions that may be responsive to antagonism of the CB1 receptors, including, but not limited to, metabolic syndromes (including liver disease, obesity, and diabetes).