A quantum dot composition comprising a quantum dot, a metal thiolate complex compound, and a solvent, wherein the metal thiolate complex compound includes a hydrophobic moiety, a thioether moiety (—S—), and a polyvalent metal, and wherein the hydrophobic moiety includes a fluorinated organic group, a multi-aromatic ring-containing group having a backbone structure that includes a quaternary carbon atom, which is a part of a cyclic group, and two aromatic rings bound to the quaternary carbon atom, or a combination thereof.