There is provided a translation-rotation hybrid vibration control system for buildings, which includes a translation control unit and a rotation control unit. The translation control unit is provided on an external building structure. The rotation control unit is provided above the translation control unit. The translation control unit includes a fixed base, a first track plate, a first movable plate, a second track plate and a second movable plate. The rotation control unit includes a force-transfer base, a drive, a reducer, an output shaft, a rotary plate and a flange.