Aspects of the present disclosure provide methods, apparatuses, and systems for closed-loop sleep protection and/or sleep regulation. According to an aspect, a biosignal parameter and ambient noise are measured. The biosignal parameter is used to determined sleep condition of a subject. The sleep condition is determined based on: (1) one or more of personalized sleep data, (2) historical sleep data collected for a subset of society, or (3) a combination of both. Based on the sleep condition, an arousal threshold is determined. Based on the ambient noise and the determined sleep condition, one or more actions are taken to regulate sleep and avoid sleep disruption by using sound masking or active noise reduction (ANR).