The present disclosure relates to a 5G or pre-5G communication system that will be provided to support higher data transfer rate following a 4G communication system such as LTE. The present disclosure relates to a method of performing random access of a terminal, said method comprising: an operation of determining the number of received beams of a base station connected to transmitted beams of the terminal; an operation of determining an area of wireless transfer resource on the basis of the number of the received beams; and an operation of transmitting random access message in the random access resource defined by the beam resource corresponding to the determined number and the wireless transfer resource corresponding to the determined area.