According to various embodiments of the present invention, an electronic device comprises: an emitter; a communication circuit electrically connected to the emitter and configured to transmit or receive a signal by using the emitter; a sensor circuit electrically connected to the emitter and configured to measure a capacitance corresponding to an external object adjacent to the emitter; a frequency adjustment circuit electrically connected to the emitter and capable of adjusting a resonance frequency of the emitter; and a processor, wherein, the processor is configured to: confirm the capacitance corresponding to the external object by using the sensor circuit while performing communication with an external device by using the communication circuit; set the frequency adjustment circuit to a first mode when the capacitance falls under a specified first range, and perform the communication by using the communication circuit in a state in which the frequency adjustment circuit is set to the first mode; and set the frequency adjustment circuit to a second mode when the capacitance falls under a specified second range, and perform the communication by using the communication circuit in a state in which the frequency adjustment circuit is set to the second mode. Other embodiments are possible.