Disclosed are various examples for persistent device provisioning. In some examples, a management agent is executed from the manufacturer boot environment. The management agent determines that a main operating system of the client device is currently unprovisioned for management by the management service. The management agent installs a management application that is executable in the main operating system. The client device boots to the main operating system and executes the management application. The management application enrolls the client device with the management service by installing an enrollment token received from the management service.