An optical inspection system includes an optical fiber sensor, an optical filter, a signal processor, and a corrector. The optical fiber sensor outputs a first optical signal having a temporal change in a wavelength corresponding to a temporal change in an amplitude of a vibration propagating in an inspection target object or a temporal change in a displacement of the inspection target object. The optical filter converts the first optical signal into a second optical signal having a temporal change in an intensity. The signal processor acquires inspection information on the inspection target object on the basis of the second optical signal. The corrector corrects a correspondence relationship between the temporal change in the wavelength and the temporal change in the intensity by changing a wavelength characteristic of the optical filter. The correspondence relationship is directed to converting the first optical signal into the second optical signal.