Provided are a photosensitive composition with which a cured film having excellent heat resistance and pattern formability can be formed, a cured film, an optical filter, a solid image pickup element, an image display device, and an infrared sensor. This photosensitive composition includes an infrared shielding agent A, a polymer component B, and a photoacid generator C. The polymer component B in the photosensitive composition includes, for example, a polymer B1 that includes a repeating unit b1 having a group in which at least one group selected from an acid group or a hydroxyl group is protected by an acid-decomposable group and a repeating unit b2 having a crosslinking group.