Various approaches for coordinating edge computing transactions are described, based on the generation and verification of fine-grained timestamp values among distributed computing entities in an edge computing system. In an edge computing system, an edge computing device performs operations to obtain transaction data, a timestamp, and a timestamp signature for a transaction, with the timestamp generated from a secure (and attestable) timestamp procedure that is coordinated with another entity (including via a network-coordinated timestamp synchronization). This timestamp is verified by the device based on the timestamp signature and the transaction data for the transaction, and the transaction is conducted (e.g., using a value of the timestamp) at the device or elsewhere in the system based on successful verification. In further examples, the coordinated timestamp enables multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) database transactions, verification of blockchain transactions, or other uses and verifications of timestamp values.