A method for performing non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme-based communication by a base station may comprise the steps of: determining at least one transmission data resource group on the basis of a scheduling request (SR) reception reliability; transmitting information on the determined at least one data resource group to a terminal; and receiving uplink data from the terminal via a predefined uplink data transmission area in the at least one data resource group, wherein the at least one data resource group and an SR resource group including an SR transmission area, in which an SR can be transmitted, are overlappingly allocated in a physical resource area, and the predefined uplink data transmission area within the at least one data resource group and the SR transmission area of the SR resource group overlap each other in the physical resource area.