This application provides a transmission precoding matrix indication method and a device. The method includes: determining a bit quantity of a transmission precoding matrix indicator field corresponding to a subband scheduled for uplink based on downlink control information received from a network device, where the bit quantity of the transmission precoding matrix indicator field corresponding to the subband is related to a quantity of subbands corresponding to the resource scheduled for uplink; and further, determining an uplink transmission precoding matrix corresponding to the subband based on the bit quantity of the transmission precoding matrix indicator field corresponding to the subband and the uplink transmission layer quantity. A transmission precoding matrix indicator field can be effectively used, and control channel resource utilization is improved.