Disclosed are a method and system of magnetotelluric synchronous detection and real-time inversion. The system includes a detection and inversion host (M) with wireless networking function and N2-1 detection and inversion extensions (Si) with wireless communication functions. The distance between each two detection and inversion extensions (Si) is D, i=1, 2, . . . , N2-1, and N is an odd number. The detection and inversion host is configured for collecting magnetic field signals and electric field signals at measurement points, wireless networking and cooperation, synchronous detection and real-time inversion control of the detection and inversion extensions (Si) in detection area. The detection and inversion extensions (Si) are configured for synchronous collection of electric field signals at measurement points and real-time inversion of detection data at measurement points under cooperative control of the detection and inversion host.