An exchangeable filter system is provided with an exchangeable filter module that has at least one fluid inlet, at least one fluid outlet, and a fluid path connecting the at least one fluid inlet and the at least one fluid outlet with each other. The exchangeable filter module is provided with at least one filter element for filtering a fluid. A flange element and a counter flange element are provided. The flange element is provided to releasably engage the exchangeable filter module and to releasably engage the counter flange element. A valve device is arranged in the flange element. The valve device blocks the fluid path when the flange element is in engagement with the exchangeable filter module and is disengaged from the counter flange element. An internal combustion engine is provided with such an exchangeable filter system to filter fuel, lubricant or urea.