There is provided a substrate holder for holding a substrate including a first holding member having a first opening portion for exposing a first surface of the substrate, and a second holding member configured to hold the substrate together with the first holding member and having a second opening portion for exposing a second surface of the substrate, wherein the first holding member has at least one first external connection contact, and the second holding member has at least one second external connection contact that is independent of the first external connection contact.