A portable biological microscopic image analysis system is suitable for analyzing a sample on a slide in real time, and the sample comes from an animal. The portable biological microscopic image analysis system includes a handheld electronic device and a microscope kit; the handheld electronic device includes an image capture unit, an image analysis module electrically connected to the image capture unit, and a real-time state analysis module electrically connected to the image analysis module; the microscope kit is detachably mounted on the handheld electronic device; wherein the image capture unit is used to obtain an image related to the sample through the microscope kit, the image analysis module is used to obtain cell information corresponding to the animal according to the image, and the real-time state analysis module is used to obtain state information corresponding to the animal according to the cell information.