Medical devices and related augmented reality systems and methods are provided. A method of providing guidance to a patient using an electronic device having an imaging device associated therewith involves analyzing one or more images captured by the imaging device to identify image content indicative of a potential activity for the patient, determining, by a control system associated with the electronic device, one or more attributes for the potential activity, determining, by the control system, a predicted physiological response by the patient to the potential activity based at least in part on the one or more attributes, and providing, on a display associated with the electronic device, an augmented reality graphical user interface including a graphical indication influenced by the predicted physiological response.